{"id":279,"date":"2023-06-28T07:46:22","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T07:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/embeddedwala\/?p=279"},"modified":"2023-07-27T04:14:04","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T04:14:04","slug":"getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting Started with SPI: A Beginner&#8217;s Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"279\" class=\"elementor elementor-279\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6faaea4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6faaea4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a434c3\" data-id=\"6a434c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9144b85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9144b85\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b7f027\" data-id=\"2b7f027\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa6598b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa6598b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"Introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Introduction\"><\/span><b>1. Introduction<\/b>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p><strong>SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)<\/strong>\u00a0is a\u00a0<strong>synchronous<\/strong>\u00a0communication protocol that enables data transfer between microcontrollers and peripheral devices. It is a<strong>\u00a0full-duplex<\/strong>, master-slave protocol which means data can be sent and received simultaneously. When the master device sends data to the slave device, the slave device can send data back to the master device without waiting for a separate read operation.\u00a0It is commonly used in embedded systems, especially in applications requiring high-speed data transfer.\u00a0<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_51_1 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor: pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-69e1cb0faba73\" ><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #337ab7;color:#337ab7\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #337ab7;color:#337ab7\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-69e1cb0faba73\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69e1cb0faba73\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#1-Introduction\" title=\"1. Introduction\u00a0\">1. Introduction\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#2-Pin-Configuration-MOSI-MISO-SCLK-and-CS\" title=\"2. Pin Configuration: MOSI, MISO, SCLK, and CS\u00a0\">2. Pin Configuration: MOSI, MISO, SCLK, and CS\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#3-Hardware-Configuration\" title=\"3. Hardware Configuration\">3. Hardware Configuration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#4-Speed-Clock-Frequency-and-Data-Rate\" title=\"4. Speed: Clock Frequency and Data Rate\u00a0\">4. Speed: Clock Frequency and Data Rate\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#5-Data-Transfer\" title=\"5. Data Transfer\">5. Data Transfer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#6-Data-Transfer-at-Register-Level\" title=\"6. Data Transfer at Register Level\">6. Data Transfer at Register Level<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#7-Daisy-Chaining-Connecting-Multiple-Devices\" title=\"7. Daisy Chaining: Connecting Multiple Devices\u00a0\">7. Daisy Chaining: Connecting Multiple Devices\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#8-Other-Aspects-Error-Detection-Clock-Polarity-and-Phase-and-More\" title=\"8. Other Aspects: Error Detection, Clock Polarity and Phase, and More\u00a0\">8. Other Aspects: Error Detection, Clock Polarity and Phase, and More\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#9-Advantages-of-SPI-Communication-over-Other-Protocols\" title=\"9. Advantages of SPI Communication over Other Protocols\u00a0\">9. Advantages of SPI Communication over Other Protocols\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/blogs\/digital-communication\/getting-started-with-spi-a-beginners-guide\/#10-Conclusion\" title=\"10. Conclusion\u00a0\">10. Conclusion\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-283 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-master.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/><\/p><h2 id=\"Pin Configuration\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Pin-Configuration-MOSI-MISO-SCLK-and-CS\"><\/span><b>2. Pin Configuration: MOSI, MISO, SCLK, and CS<\/b>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>The SPI protocol requires four pins:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li><ul><li data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><strong>MOSI<\/strong>\u00a0(Master Output Slave Input): The MOSI pin is used by the master device to transmit data to the slave device.\u00a0<\/li><li data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><strong>MISO<\/strong>\u00a0(Master Input Slave Output): The MISO pin is used by the slave device to transmit data back to the master device.\u00a0<\/li><li data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><strong>SCLK<\/strong>\u00a0(Serial Clock): The SCLK pin provides the clock signal used to synchronize the data transfer between the master and slave devices.\u00a0<\/li><li data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><strong>CS<\/strong>\u00a0(Slave Select): The CS pin is used by the master device to select the slave device with which it wants to communicate.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h2 id=\"Hardware Configuration\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Hardware-Configuration\"><\/span><strong>3. Hardware Configuration<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>SPI typically uses a\u00a0<strong>push-pull output<\/strong>\u00a0configuration for the SCLK, MOSI, and CS pins. This means that the output pin can drive both high and low voltages, providing a strong signal to the slave device. The MISO pin, on the other hand, is typically configured as an<strong>\u00a0open-drain<\/strong>\u00a0output.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-282 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Push-pull.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/><\/p><p>This means that it can only drive the signal low, and relies on an external pull-up resistor to bring the signal back to a high voltage level. This configuration allows multiple slave devices to share the same MISO line, with each device driving the line low when it has data to send.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-287 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Gpio-config.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/><\/p><p>The open-drain configuration also provides a level of safety in case two devices try to drive the line high at the same time, preventing any damage to the devices.<\/p><h2 id=\"Speed: Clock Frequency and Data Rate\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Speed-Clock-Frequency-and-Data-Rate\"><\/span><b>4. Speed: Clock Frequency and Data Rate<\/b>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>The clock frequency of SPI is determined by the speed of the microcontroller or device and the desired data rate. The clock frequency is typically measured in hertz (Hz) and is the number of clock cycles per second. The clock frequency of SPI can range from a few kilohertz (kHz) to several megahertz (MHz). Several factors affect the SPI clock frequency, including the following:<\/p><ul><li><ul><li><p><strong>Microcontroller or Device Speed<\/strong>: The clock frequency of SPI is limited by the speed of the microcontroller or device. Faster microcontrollers or devices can generate higher clock frequencies.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Cable Length<\/strong>: The length of the cable between the master and slave devices can affect the maximum clock frequency. Longer cables can introduce capacitance and inductance, which can limit the maximum clock frequency.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Noise<\/strong>: Noise in the system can also affect the maximum clock frequency. Noise can cause errors in the data transfer, which can reduce the maximum clock frequency.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Data Rate<\/strong>: The maximum clock frequency is also dependent on the desired data rate. Higher data rates require higher clock frequencies.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h2 id=\"Data Transfer\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Data-Transfer\"><\/span><strong>5. Data Transfer<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>The data transfer can be initiated by either the master or the slave device. The SPI data transfer process consists of several steps, which are as follows:<\/p><ul><li><ul><li><p><strong>Selecting the Slave Device<\/strong>: The master device selects the slave device by asserting the CS line low (as shown below). This tells the slave device that it is being addressed and should prepare to receive or transmit data.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Configuring the Data Transfer Parameters<\/strong>: The master device sets up the data transfer parameters, such as the clock frequency, data format, and the number of bits to be transferred per transaction.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Sending Data<\/strong>: The master device sends data to the slave device through the MOSI line. The data is sent in a serial format, one bit at a time, starting from the most significant bit.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Receiving Data<\/strong>: While sending data, the master device also receives data from the slave device through the MISO line. The received data is also in a serial format, one bit at a time, starting from the most significant bit.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Clocking Data<\/strong>: The data transfer is synchronized by the clock signal on the SCK line. The clock signal is generated by the master device, and the slave device synchronizes its data transfer with this clock signal.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Completing the Data Transfer<\/strong>: After the data transfer is complete, the master device de-asserts the CS line (as shown below), indicating that the slave device is no longer being addressed. The slave device can then release any resources that were used during the data transfer.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/uploads\/images\/202303\/img_temp_6421dddc954f14-18738137-83373518.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"615\" height=\"346\" \/><\/p><h2 id=\"Data Transfer at Register Level\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-Data-Transfer-at-Register-Level\"><\/span><strong>6. Data Transfer at Register Level<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>At the register level, data is transferred between the master and slave devices one byte at a time. The data transfer occurs between specific registers in the devices. Each register contains a specific function or data that needs to be transferred. As shown below:<\/p><ul><li><ul><li>The master device sends a clock signal on the SCLK line to synchronize the data transfer.<\/li><li>The master device sets the MOSI line to the appropriate logic level to send the first bit of the byte to the slave device.<\/li><li>The slave device receives the bit on the MISO\u00a0 line and stores it in its shift register.<\/li><li>The clock signal is toggled, and the next bit of the byte is sent by the master device on the MOSI line.<\/li><li>The slave device receives the bit on the MISO line and shifts it into its shift register.<\/li><li>The process continues until all 8 bits of the byte have been transferred.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-285\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/embeddedwala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Data-transfer-blog.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1470\" height=\"480\" \/><\/p><h2 id=\"Daisy Chaining: Connecting Multiple Devices\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-Daisy-Chaining-Connecting-Multiple-Devices\"><\/span><b>7. Daisy Chaining: Connecting Multiple Devices<\/b>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>SPI supports daisy-chaining of multiple devices, which allows multiple devices to share a single SPI bus. In a\u00a0daisy chain configuration, the SS pin of each slave device is connected to the MOSI pin of the previous slave device, forming a chain. The master device sends a single SS signal to select the first slave device in the chain, and then it can communicate with all the slave devices in the chain by sending data and clock signals.\u00a0<\/p><h2 id=\"Other Aspects: Error Detection\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8-Other-Aspects-Error-Detection-Clock-Polarity-and-Phase-and-More\"><\/span><strong>8. Other Aspects: Error Detection, Clock Polarity and Phase, and More\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"google-auto-placed ap_container\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><div id=\"aswift_1_host\" tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Advertisement\" aria-label=\"Advertisement\">\u00a0<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/div><p>SPI communication also includes other aspects like error detection, clock polarity, and clock phase. Error detection mechanisms like\u00a0<strong>CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)<\/strong>\u00a0can be used to ensure data integrity. The clock polarity and clock phase settings determine when data is sampled and when it is transmitted, allowing for flexibility in the protocol.\u00a0<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-284 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-protocal.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/><\/p><h2 id=\"Advantages of SPI Communication\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9-Advantages-of-SPI-Communication-over-Other-Protocols\"><\/span><b>9. Advantages of SPI Communication over Other Protocols<\/b>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Compared to other communication protocols like I2C and UART, SPI offers several advantages:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li><ul><li data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><strong>High-Speed Data Transfer:<\/strong>\u00a0SPI can achieve high data transfer rates compared to other protocols, making it an excellent choice for applications that require rapid data transfer.\u00a0<\/li><li data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><strong>Simple Protocol<\/strong>: SPI is a simple protocol with fewer overheads, making it a more efficient choice for some applications.\u00a0<\/li><li data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><strong>Full Duplex Communication<\/strong>: SPI allows for simultaneous data transfer in both directions, making it a more efficient choice than other protocols like I2C that require separate read and write operations.\u00a0<\/li><li data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><strong>Daisy Chain Support<\/strong>: As discussed above, SPI supports daisy-chaining of multiple devices, making it a more flexible choice for some applications.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h2 id=\"Conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10-Conclusion\"><\/span><b>10. Conclusion<\/b>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>SPI communication offers several advantages over other communication protocols, including high-speed data transfer, simple protocol, full-duplex communication, and daisy chain support. It is a popular choice in embedded systems and is commonly used in applications that require high-speed data transfer. With its flexibility and versatility, SPI communication will likely continue to be an important communication protocol in the future.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction\u00a0 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)\u00a0is a\u00a0synchronous\u00a0communication protocol that enables data transfer between microcontrollers and&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[76,75,74,73,52],"class_list":["post-279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digital-communication","tag-fastest-data-transfer","tag-full-duplex","tag-multi-slave","tag-serial-communication","tag-spi"],"acf":[],"views":455,"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",1080,750,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",150,104,false],"medium":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",300,208,false],"medium_large":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",640,444,false],"large":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",640,444,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",1080,750,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",1080,750,false],"tp-image-grid":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",700,486,false],"covernews-slider-full":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",1030,715,false],"covernews-slider-center":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",720,500,false],"covernews-featured":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",1024,711,false],"covernews-medium":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",490,340,false],"covernews-medium-square":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",360,250,false],"_nx_notification_thumb":["https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/SPI-guide.png",100,69,false]},"author_info":{"display_name":"embeddedwala","author_link":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/author\/embeddedwala\/"},"category_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/category\/blogs\/digital-communication\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Digital Communication<\/a>","tag_info":"Digital Communication","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=279"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6633,"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279\/revisions\/6633"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/embeddedwala.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}