Simplifying Embedded Systems: Learn, Innovate, Consult

SPI Protocol

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous communication protocol utilized for transferring data between peripheral devices and microcontrollers. It is a full-duplex, master-slave protocol, which allows for simultaneous data transmission ...

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Getting Started with UART: UART Protocol

The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) is a widely used communication protocol in embedded systems and microcontrollers that facilitates serial communication between devices, permitting the transfer of data between two or more devices...

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Getting Started with I2C: Code Example

I2C, which stands for Inter-Integrated Circuit, is a well-known communication protocol used to interconnect microcontrollers and other integrated circuits. The master device generates the clock signal and controls the data transfer, while the slave d...

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Getting Started with I2C: What is Bus Arbitration

Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is a prevalent communication protocol that interconnects microcontrollers and other integrated circuits. It is frequently employed in embedded systems to facilitate communication among various components of a system. I2...

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Getting Started with I2C: Hardware Connection

Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is a popular communication protocol that connects microcontrollers and integrated circuits in embedded systems. Hardware components such as resistors and capacitors are used to ensure reliable communication between devi...

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Getting Started with I2C: What is Clock Stretching

I2C clock stretching is a mechanism used in the I2C protocol where a slave device can hold the clock line low to pause communication with the master device. This allows the slave device to process the data it has received before continuing communicat...

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I2C Protocol

Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is a communication protocol commonly used in embedded systems to connect microcontrollers, sensors, and other devices. It simplifies communication between different components on a circuit board and uses a two-wire inte...

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What purpose does the start-up code has in an MCU?

The start-up code is the first code that runs on an MCU after the Hardware Power On Reset release, responsible for initializing essential sections of the MCU code required for its booting process. It is typically a lightweight code written in assembl...

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Circular Queue Basics

A circular queue is an extension of a linear queue, which is a user-defined data structure. It is commonly used when elements can be added or removed from the queue at any point in the program, instead of following a predetermined enqueue or dequeue ...

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Different Types of Interrupt Controllers.

The interrupt controller hardware can be configured in various ways, resulting in several types of interrupt controllers. The following are some of the most prevalent: Generic Interrupt Controller (GIC) Nested Vector Interrupt Controller (NVIC) ...

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What is an Interrupt Controller ?

An interrupt controller is a programmable device that manages interrupt requests from hardware or other peripherals to the CPU. The development of processor standards has led to the use of interrupt controllers, which helps reduce the burden on CPU d...

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What is Direct Memory Access (DMA)?

An Embedded System relies heavily on the CPU to handle arithmetic, logic, control, and I/O operations. The CPU comprises the Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU), and registers. The CU communicates with the ALU and memory for executing or...

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